The spread of polio, Polio is endemic throughout the world, generally properties without symptoms (asymptomatic) for tenjadinya active immunity in the population. Paralysis that occurs in people with polio is mainly caused by polio virus type 1. The epidemic polio in the past many causes of death of the patient and the occurrence of paralysis due to nerve damage.
Infection occurs through contaminated food or beverage ingredient containing infective polio virus. Human patients are the only source of infection for others, especially careers that are difficult to detect polio which can transmit the virus through direct contact.
Clinical symptoms of polio, After passing through the length of the incubation period is 1-5 weeks, the patient will experience fever, chills, sore throat, severe headache, nausea, vomiting, stiff neck and back pain, followed by paralysis. Paralytic polio can only be diagnosed clinically.
Diagnosis polio, polio To confirm the diagnosis, since AWAI stage disease can be detected viruses cause, namely by breeding stool or throat swab on monkey kidney cell medium. If it happens paralysis, only infective material derived from the digestive tract that still contain the virus.
To help with the diagnosis do serology, among others, for the neutralization test showed increased antibody titers and complement fixation test which showed positive results. Blood tests showed a picture of people with polio mild leukocytosis or normal, whereas the cerebrospinal fluid examination showed high levels of the protein with normal sugar levels.
Treatment and care polio, polio sufferers, especially children should rest in bed. Symptomatic treatment is given pursuant to patient complaints and clinical symptoms occur.
At the time of the polio epidemic, immediately after the polio virus types cause can be determined, all those who are sensitive to poliodiberi vaccination with the monovalent vaccine Sabin. Giving gammaglobulin hiperimuri at 3-5 weeks before the onset of paralysis can prevent a paralysis. If it happens paralysis, gamma globulin administration hiperimun can not cure paralysis sufferers. In case of severe respiratory disorders, if necessary to do a tracheotomy.
Prevention of polio, vaccination is a very important measure to prevent the spread of polio. Sabin vaccine (live attenuated vaccine) given orally as two doses, the effectiveness of the vaccination can be reached l00%.
Salk vaccine, a formalin-inactivated vaccine given by injection, must be given at least 4 times in a period of several years.
At the time of the polio epidemic, all plans nose and throat surgery had to be postponed. All food waste and excreta polio patients, especially patients with pharyngeal fluid derived from patients should be disposed of properly and covered to avoid spreading the virus by flies and other insects.
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