Bacillus anthracis is a Gram-positive bacteria are spore-forming and acid resistant. Germs 1-1.5 micron sized 4-8 mikronx seen as a single rod or structured like a short chain. If cultured in artificial medium, the bacteria form a chain-like group bamboo rod distinctive shape.
Transmission of anthrax, in the soil, anthrax bacteria form spores that are resistant to high temperatures sunlight, drought resistant, and resistant to disinfectants. Spores survive for years in the soil, in the water, between animal hair (wool), and skin.
Anthrax is transmitted directly into the skin cuts or abrasions, or through hair follicles. Patients will undergo skin anthrax. Spores in the soil are ingested or inhaled through breathing air can cause anthrax infection.
Therefore anthrax often suffered by workers slaughterhouses, processing animal hides, wool sorters, farmers and ranchers and veterinarians or animal-related nurse sick animals that died from anthrax or anthrax.
Anthrax bowel (intestinal anthrax) occurs by eating raw or undercooked meat from animals who are sick of anthrax, or swallowed anthrax spores that contaminate food or drink. Whereas pulmonary anthrax (wool sorter disease) occurs when anthrax spores are inhaled through breathing air.
Diagnosis of anthrax, anthrax skin. At cutaneous anthrax patients showed typical signs of the skin in the form of the formation of malignant pustules. At first, fluid-filled blisters, and skin tissue necrosis black, called eschar. Antrak skin may heal by itself or transmitted through blood (septikemi) that could endanger the lives of patients.
Intestinal anthrax. Patients experiencing intestinal inflammation (enteritis) with clinical symptoms such as bloody diarrhea which causes the death of many patients. Pulmonary anthrax. Anthrax germ can spread to other organs, causing complications. The spread to the lining of the brain causing a hemorrhagic meningitis.
To confirm the diagnosis of anthrax, bacteriological laboratory examination should be done to find the results of anthrax.
Microscopic examination performed on exudate, sputum or other fluids by means of Gram staining or coloring polychrome blue to indicate a capsule around the bacteria antraksi,
Moreover, it can be done the bacteria culture on nutrient agar plates or test using a guinea pig experimental animals that died 36-48 hours after being injected with material skin exudates or bacteria culture results to confirm the diagnosis of anthrax.
To help confirm the diagnosis of anthrax serology test can be done precipitation (Ascoli test) and blood tests showed leukocytosis picture if there has been damage to the network.
Treatment of anthrax, Antibiotics, such as penicillin, tetracycline and streptomycin is effective for treating anthrax. If patients experience severe toxic serum could be given Sclvo
Prevention of anthrax, to prevent the spread of anthrax were working in livestock processing industry, work space should be free of dust. Hair woldan products derived from anthrax endemic areas should be disinfected with a solution of 10% formalin or 5% alkali. All dead animals and sick animals anthrax should be destroyed by burying or burning.
Livestock vaccination should be done in the area of the outbreak, along with immunization against workers who are at high risk of contracting anthrax vaccine using cell-free.
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