Tuberculosis: Symptoms and Treatment

What is Tuberculosis? Tuberculosis including zoonotic disease, because the disease can be transmitted from animals to humans, for example cows. The most important cause of tuberculosis that causes health problems in many countries around the world is Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Morphology germs of tuberculosis, Mycobacterium is a rod-shaped bacteria that are often pleomorphism, measuring about 1-4 microns x 0.2-0.5 microns. Germs that the staining including Gram-positive, is resistant to acid and aerobic.

Transmission of tuberculosis, TB germs are transmitted from a human being to another through respiratory air. In addition intestinal tuberculosis can occur if infected with TB germs through cow's milk for tuberculosis. Germs can also be spread through skin inoculation. After entry into the body, the bacteria will spread to the lungs, and then along the blood and lymph spread to many other visceral organs.

Clinical symptoms of tuberculosis, clinical symptoms that occur depending on the type of organ infected with these germs. Infection of the lungs (pulmonary tuberculosis) will cause symptoms of chronic cough, and sometimes bloody sputum (hemoptysis). However often the patient does not show clinical symptoms or real complaint for many years (asymptomatic).

Common symptoms of Tuberculosis are anorexia and weight loss, the body feels tired and lethargic, fever and chills often. In TB skin disorders such as ulcer or papule that develops into a dark-colored pustules.
Miller TB is tuberculosis that attacks various organs ubuh, found in infants or elderly patients with body resistance is low.

Treatment of tuberculosis, treatment of tuberculosis should use more combinations and single drugs, and given the long term continuous, uninterrupted in the middle of the treatment schedule. One way combination treatments for tuberculosis are as follows:
Week 1-4: Rifampicin 450 mg + 400 mg + INH pirasinamid 1,500 mg (given every day). Sunday 5-17: INH Rifampicin 600 mg + 700 mg (given 2 times a week).
Symptomatic treatment is given to subside cough, stop bleeding and other disorders, whereas supportive treatment is given to improving the health and patient endurance.

Prevention of tuberculosis, vaccination with BCG (Bacille Calmette-Guerin came and Mycobacterium bovis) should be administered regularly to the public. Public health education related to prevention of tuberculosis, always drink cow's milk that has been cooked or pasteurized and the careful work in the laboratory at the time dealing with experimental animals, especially primates.

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