What's that bird flu or avian influenza? Bird flu is caused by a virus Avian influenza (AI) H5N1 subtype of type A influenza virus can be transmitted from birds to mammals, such as horses and pigs and also can be transmitted to humans. Type A influenza viruses and H7N7 subtypes and HSN3 cause severe clinical symptoms and even death in humans.
The avian influenza virus, the virus that causes avian influenza, including influenza virus and the family Orthomyxoviridae with the size of 90-120 nm. Avian influenza (AI) type A subtype H5N1 and avian infectious to humans and mammals. The outside of the virus there are bulges that give the properties of typical influenza virus.
The spread of bird flu, the source of transmission of AI virus is poultry, such as chickens, birds and ducks. Horses and pigs can also be a source of AI infections because these animals are the reservoir host. Therefore poultry and swine is a place that should always be watched closely. Transmission of the virus occurs through the air containing the infective material in the form of saliva dot (droplet) when the patient coughs or sneezes.
The clinical symptoms of bird flu, after passing through an incubation period of 1-3 days, the patient will experience fever with chills, headache, malaise, weakness, muscle pain, photo phobia, and red conjunctiva. Complications that can occur in the form of bronchitis, sinusitis, pneumonia accompanied by coughing up phlegm and coughing up blood.
Diagnosis is established if the bird flu virus can be found on its cause through culture swab throat. Serology for example test hemagglutination inhibition and complement fixation test to support the diagnosis of avian influenza.
Handling of bird flu, bird flu patients should be isolated to prevent transmission of the disease to other people, and that the patient is not infected with secondary infection. antiviral drug to combat bird flu virus are Tamiflu should be given as early as possible, less than 3 days after infection. Patients should be given supportive treatment to improve patient endurance. Symptomatic drugs to reduce patient complaints while antibiotics are only given in case of secondary infection by bacteria.
Prevention of bird flu, vaccination is actively committed against people at high risk of contracting the Avian influenza virus. Population poultry (farms) are alleged to have been infected or suspected to be the source of transmission of the AI virus must be immediately destroyed. Vaccination of poultry is done in accordance with the provisions and procedures of the WHO (World Health Organization). Consumption of poultry meat comes from the epidemic must be stopped and prohibited. Pigs and horses should be vaccinated once a year because the animals are also a host reservoir of avian influenza viruses.
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